Bladder cancer is any type of malignant growths in the urinary bladder. In this disease, the abnormal cells increase in number without the bladder control. Bladder is the muscular, hollow organ that is located in the pelvis and stores urine. The common type of bladder cancer starts growing around the lining inside the bladder and is known as transitional cell carcinoma. Because of the uncontrolled nature, they advance on neighboring tissues. Also, these tumors travel to other remote organs through bloodstream. This process of spreading and invading is called metastasis.

Causes of Bladder Cancer.

There is no exact reason for bladder cancer and now it has been found that tobacco smoking is the primary cause for this type of cancer. Smoking is the major cause for cancer in men and a large proportion in women. Smokers have greater chances of getting bladder cancer than non-smokers. Next causes could be chemical exposures during work. People who work with certain chemical industries or chemical develop the chances for this cancer.

Organic chemicals, especially aromatic amines are highly linked with bladder cancer. This chemical is highly used in the dye industry. Other chemical industries linked with this type of cancer are rubber processing, textiles, leather processing, paints, printing, and hair coloring. This can be prevented by following strict workplace measures. People who eat large quantity of animal fats and fried meats are at higher risks of getting this cancer. The herb aristolochia fangchi that is used for weight loss is believed to cause kidney failure and bladder cancer. Research has shown that this herb contains chemicals that cause cancer.

Other factors include age, race, birth defects, chronic bladder inflammation and history of cancer.

The common symptoms of bladder cancer include:

Blood in the urine, this may be sometime visible to naked eye or only detected through microscope.

Burning sensation or pain during urination without any trace of urinary tract infection.

Having the urge to urinate more often or frequent urination.

All these signs and symptoms are not very specific to this cancer and sometimes these symptoms are due to any cystitis infections and prostate infections.

Diagnosis.

The bladder cancer is diagnosed by biopsy during cystoscopy. Positive result in the cytology is the sure indication for bladder cancer. Today, urine bound markers are used to diagnose this type of cancer. Urine bound markers are very sensitive, but not as accurate as urine cytology. The suspected growth is biopsied and further analyzed for pathologic analysis.

In pathological analysis, most of the bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma. The other least occurring cancers are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and sarcoma.

The various stages in the type of cancer are classified according to their size, location, and spread of cancer.

Treatment.

The treatment is given to this type of cancer based on how deep the tumor is grown on the wall. Superficial cancer can be shaved off using electrocautery equipment that is attached to the cystoscope. Superficial tumors can also be treated and prevented by immunotherapy by means of BCG instillation. Sometimes, chemotherapy instillations like valrubicin are also used to treat BCG-refractory.

Untreated tumors later penetrate into the urinary bladder muscular wall. The tumor that has penetrated inside the wall requires radical surgery where whole bladder or part of it is removed and the urine stream is deviated. Sometimes, substitute bladder is created by the intestinal tissue, but this done based on patient age, patient preference, site of the disease, and renal function.

Also, the combination of chemotherapy and radiation are used to treat invasive disease.

Always consult your doctor before using this information.

This Article is nutritional in nature and is not to be construed as medical advice.

David Cowley has created numerous articles about the relationship between diseases and vitamins. For other articles on Allergies click on Articles on Allergies and for other articles click on Other Articles.

When an individual is unable to empty their bladder this condition is called urinary retention. Urinary retention can consist of the inability to urinate at all or the bladder does not completely empty when urinating. When an individual experiences the total inability to urinate, this is considered a medical emergency as this condition is life threatening if left untreated.

While anyone of any age can experience urinary retention, it is most commonly seen in men who are over the age of fifty that have a prostate enlargement. Women can experience urinary retention when the bladder has dropped or moved from its normal position.

Causes of Urinary Retention

Urinary retention may be caused by some type of urinary blockage or a problem with the nerves that control the communication between the brain and the bladder. These disease is also sometimes caused by a weak bladder muscle. There are numerous conditions that can cause damage to the nerves that control the signals between the bladder and brain.

These conditions include enlargement of the prostate gland, diabetes, stroke, vaginal childbirth, infections that affect the spinal chord and brain, multiple sclerosis, injury or trauma to the pelvis, injury or trauma to the spinal chord or brain, heavy metal poisoning, and nerve damage that is present at birth.

Numerous medications can also cause urinary retention - particularly those that are utilized to calm overactive nerve signals. These include medications that are used to treat muscle spasms, stomach cramps, anxiety, depression, and allergies, as well as those that are used to treat other bladder problems such as urinary incontinence or overactive bladder.

A bladder stone that becomes lodged within the urinary tract can also cause bladder retention as a larger stone can block the urine from flowing through the opening of the urethra. Constipation can also cause urinary retention if a hard stool in the rectum pushes against the urethra and bladder causing the urethra to become pinched or closed.

Treatment of Urinary Retention

Acute urinary retention which is the condition in which a patient is unable to urinate is treated by inserting a catheter directly into the urethra in order to drain the bladder. This will prevent the bladder from permanent damage.

Some cases of urinary system problems may be only temporary such as when an individual receives anesthesia for a surgical procedure. Once the effects of the anesthetic wear off the patient will typically regain the ability to urinate on their own. Patients who experience chronic symptoms may have to use a catheter on a regular basis when other forms of treatment are ineffective or the patient experiences chronic urinary system problems that is acute. In these cases the patient can be taught to catheterize themselves as needed and how to utilize the proper sterilization techniques in order to avoid a urinary tract infection.

Surgical procedures for the treatment of this problems may also be performed including an internal urethrotomy for treating a urethral stricture in men and surgery to repair a fallen bladder in women. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of chronic urinary retention it is essential that you seek a medical evaluation as soon as possible because this condition can lead to serious complications when left untreated. In the event that you experience a total loss of the ability to urinate or acute urinary retention, it is essential that you receive emergency medical attention.

About the Author: Anne Ahira is an established entrepreneur and successful coach in her country of Indonesia. Her success story has been published in many nationwide publications in Indonesia.

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